diff --git a/biome.jsonc b/biome.jsonc
index 470885a543d..d2f7c711dc9 100644
--- a/biome.jsonc
+++ b/biome.jsonc
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
     // and having to verify whether each individual file is ignored
     "includes": [
       "**",
-      "!**/*.d.ts",
       "!**/dist/**/*",
       "!**/build/**/*",
       "!**/coverage/**/*",
@@ -180,7 +179,7 @@
     // Overrides to prevent unused import removal inside `overrides.ts` and enums files (for TSDoc linkcodes),
     // as well as in all TS files in `scripts/` (which are assumed to be boilerplate templates).
     {
-      "includes": ["**/src/overrides.ts", "**/src/enums/**/*", "**/scripts/**/*.ts"],
+      "includes": ["**/src/overrides.ts", "**/src/enums/**/*", "**/scripts/**/*.ts", "**/*.d.ts"],
       "linter": {
         "rules": {
           "correctness": {
diff --git a/global.d.ts b/global.d.ts
index 27e96a4d8b5..8b79d966e3c 100644
--- a/global.d.ts
+++ b/global.d.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
+import type { AnyFn } from "#types/type-helpers";
 import type { SetupServerApi } from "msw/node";
 
-export {};
-
 declare global {
   /**
    * Only used in testing.
@@ -11,4 +10,11 @@ declare global {
    * To set up your own server in a test see `game-data.test.ts`
    */
   var server: SetupServerApi;
+
+  // Overloads for `Function.apply` and `Function.call` to add type safety on matching argument types
+  interface Function {
+    apply<T extends AnyFn>(this: T, thisArg: ThisParameterType<T>, argArray: Parameters<T>): ReturnType<T>;
+
+    call<T extends AnyFn>(this: T, thisArg: ThisParameterType<T>, ...argArray: Parameters<T>): ReturnType<T>;
+  }
 }
diff --git a/src/@types/helpers/type-helpers.ts b/src/@types/helpers/type-helpers.ts
index 37f97fcf08c..7ad20b88956 100644
--- a/src/@types/helpers/type-helpers.ts
+++ b/src/@types/helpers/type-helpers.ts
@@ -94,3 +94,12 @@ export type AbstractConstructor<T> = abstract new (...args: any[]) => T;
 export type CoerceNullPropertiesToUndefined<T extends object> = {
   [K in keyof T]: null extends T[K] ? Exclude<T[K], null> | undefined : T[K];
 };
+
+/**
+ * Type helper to mark all properties in `T` as optional, while still mandating that at least 1
+ * of its properties be present.
+ *
+ * Distinct from {@linkcode Partial} as this requires at least 1 property to _not_ be undefined.
+ * @typeParam T - The type to render partial
+ */
+export type AtLeastOne<T extends object> = Partial<T> & ObjectValues<{ [K in keyof T]: Pick<Required<T>, K> }>;
diff --git a/src/data/battler-tags.ts b/src/data/battler-tags.ts
index 2e06b213e28..2f540f5e1b9 100644
--- a/src/data/battler-tags.ts
+++ b/src/data/battler-tags.ts
@@ -3560,6 +3560,7 @@ export class GrudgeTag extends SerializableBattlerTag {
    * @param sourcePokemon - The source of the move that fainted the tag's bearer
    * @returns `false` if Grudge activates its effect or lapses
    */
+  // TODO: Confirm whether this should interact with copying moves
   override lapse(pokemon: Pokemon, lapseType: BattlerTagLapseType, sourcePokemon?: Pokemon): boolean {
     if (lapseType === BattlerTagLapseType.CUSTOM && sourcePokemon) {
       if (sourcePokemon.isActive() && pokemon.isOpponent(sourcePokemon)) {
diff --git a/src/typings/i18next.d.ts b/src/typings/i18next.d.ts
index 0eaa1e6ff0f..1e1695f6b9a 100644
--- a/src/typings/i18next.d.ts
+++ b/src/typings/i18next.d.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import type { TOptions } from "i18next";
 // Module declared to make referencing keys in the localization files type-safe.
 declare module "i18next" {
   interface TFunction {
+    // biome-ignore lint/style/useShorthandFunctionType: This needs to be an interface due to interface merging
     (key: string | string[], options?: TOptions & Record<string, unknown>): string;
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/typings/phaser/index.d.ts b/src/typings/phaser/index.d.ts
index 26fbcff75bd..caddaedfc59 100644
--- a/src/typings/phaser/index.d.ts
+++ b/src/typings/phaser/index.d.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import "phaser";
 
 declare module "phaser" {
-	namespace GameObjects {
+  namespace GameObjects {
     interface GameObject {
       width: number;
 
@@ -16,45 +16,45 @@ declare module "phaser" {
       y: number;
     }
 
-		interface Container {
+    interface Container {
       /**
        * Sets this object's position relative to another object with a given offset
        */
-			setPositionRelative(guideObject: any, x: number, y: number): this;
-		}
-		interface Sprite {
+      setPositionRelative(guideObject: any, x: number, y: number): this;
+    }
+    interface Sprite {
       /**
        * Sets this object's position relative to another object with a given offset
        */
-			setPositionRelative(guideObject: any, x: number, y: number): this;
-		}
-		interface Image {
+      setPositionRelative(guideObject: any, x: number, y: number): this;
+    }
+    interface Image {
       /**
        * Sets this object's position relative to another object with a given offset
        */
-			setPositionRelative(guideObject: any, x: number, y: number): this;
-		}
-		interface NineSlice {
+      setPositionRelative(guideObject: any, x: number, y: number): this;
+    }
+    interface NineSlice {
       /**
        * Sets this object's position relative to another object with a given offset
        */
-			setPositionRelative(guideObject: any, x: number, y: number): this;
-		}
-		interface Text {
+      setPositionRelative(guideObject: any, x: number, y: number): this;
+    }
+    interface Text {
       /**
        * Sets this object's position relative to another object with a given offset
        */
-			setPositionRelative(guideObject: any, x: number, y: number): this;
-		}
-		interface Rectangle {
+      setPositionRelative(guideObject: any, x: number, y: number): this;
+    }
+    interface Rectangle {
       /**
        * Sets this object's position relative to another object with a given offset
        */
-			setPositionRelative(guideObject: any, x: number, y: number): this;
-		}
-	}
+      setPositionRelative(guideObject: any, x: number, y: number): this;
+    }
+  }
 
-   namespace Input {
+  namespace Input {
     namespace Gamepad {
       interface GamepadPlugin {
         /**
diff --git a/src/vite.env.d.ts b/src/vite.env.d.ts
index a2acc658a10..68159908730 100644
--- a/src/vite.env.d.ts
+++ b/src/vite.env.d.ts
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 /// <reference types="vite/client" />
 
 interface ImportMetaEnv {
-    readonly VITE_PORT?: string;
-    readonly VITE_BYPASS_LOGIN?: string;
-    readonly VITE_BYPASS_TUTORIAL?: string;
-    readonly VITE_API_BASE_URL?: string;
-    readonly VITE_SERVER_URL?: string;
-    readonly VITE_DISCORD_CLIENT_ID?: string;
-    readonly VITE_GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID?: string;
-    readonly VITE_I18N_DEBUG?: string;
+  readonly VITE_PORT?: string;
+  readonly VITE_BYPASS_LOGIN?: string;
+  readonly VITE_BYPASS_TUTORIAL?: string;
+  readonly VITE_API_BASE_URL?: string;
+  readonly VITE_SERVER_URL?: string;
+  readonly VITE_DISCORD_CLIENT_ID?: string;
+  readonly VITE_GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID?: string;
+  readonly VITE_I18N_DEBUG?: string;
 }
 
 interface ImportMeta {
-    readonly env: ImportMetaEnv
+  readonly env: ImportMetaEnv;
 }
diff --git a/test/@types/vitest.d.ts b/test/@types/vitest.d.ts
index 58b36580727..7b756c45a57 100644
--- a/test/@types/vitest.d.ts
+++ b/test/@types/vitest.d.ts
@@ -1,26 +1,139 @@
-import type { Pokemon } from "#field/pokemon";
+import type { TerrainType } from "#app/data/terrain";
+import type { AbilityId } from "#enums/ability-id";
+import type { BattlerTagType } from "#enums/battler-tag-type";
+import type { MoveId } from "#enums/move-id";
 import type { PokemonType } from "#enums/pokemon-type";
-import type { expect } from "vitest";
+import type { BattleStat, EffectiveStat, Stat } from "#enums/stat";
+import type { StatusEffect } from "#enums/status-effect";
+import type { WeatherType } from "#enums/weather-type";
+import type { Pokemon } from "#field/pokemon";
+import type { ToHaveEffectiveStatMatcherOptions } from "#test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-effective-stat";
+import type { expectedStatusType } from "#test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-status-effect";
 import type { toHaveTypesOptions } from "#test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-types";
+import type { TurnMove } from "#types/turn-move";
+import type { AtLeastOne } from "#types/type-helpers";
+import type { expect } from "vitest";
+import type Overrides from "#app/overrides";
+import type { PokemonMove } from "#moves/pokemon-move";
 
 declare module "vitest" {
   interface Assertion {
     /**
-     * Matcher to check if an array contains EXACTLY the given items (in any order).
+     * Check whether an array contains EXACTLY the given items (in any order).
      *
-     * Different from {@linkcode expect.arrayContaining} as the latter only requires the array contain
-     * _at least_ the listed items.
+     * Different from {@linkcode expect.arrayContaining} as the latter only checks for subset equality
+     * (as opposed to full equality).
      *
-     * @param expected - The expected contents of the array, in any order.
+     * @param expected - The expected contents of the array, in any order
      * @see {@linkcode expect.arrayContaining}
      */
     toEqualArrayUnsorted<E>(expected: E[]): void;
+
     /**
-     * Matcher to check if a {@linkcode Pokemon}'s current typing includes the given types.
+     * Check whether a {@linkcode Pokemon}'s current typing includes the given types.
      *
-     * @param expected - The expected types (in any order).
-     * @param options - The options passed to the matcher.
+     * @param expected - The expected types (in any order)
+     * @param options - The options passed to the matcher
      */
-    toHaveTypes(expected: PokemonType[], options?: toHaveTypesOptions): void;
+    toHaveTypes(expected: [PokemonType, ...PokemonType[]], options?: toHaveTypesOptions): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Matcher to check the contents of a {@linkcode Pokemon}'s move history.
+     *
+     * @param expectedValue - The expected value; can be a {@linkcode MoveId} or a partially filled {@linkcode TurnMove}
+     * containing the desired properties to check
+     * @param index - The index of the move history entry to check, in order from most recent to least recent.
+     * Default `0` (last used move)
+     * @see {@linkcode Pokemon.getLastXMoves}
+     */
+    toHaveUsedMove(expected: MoveId | AtLeastOne<TurnMove>, index?: number): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Check whether a {@linkcode Pokemon}'s effective stat is as expected
+     * (checked after all stat value modifications).
+     *
+     * @param stat - The {@linkcode EffectiveStat} to check
+     * @param expectedValue - The expected value of {@linkcode stat}
+     * @param options - (Optional) The {@linkcode ToHaveEffectiveStatMatcherOptions}
+     * @remarks
+     * If you want to check the stat **before** modifiers are applied, use {@linkcode Pokemon.getStat} instead.
+     */
+    toHaveEffectiveStat(stat: EffectiveStat, expectedValue: number, options?: ToHaveEffectiveStatMatcherOptions): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Check whether a {@linkcode Pokemon} has taken a specific amount of damage.
+     * @param expectedDamageTaken - The expected amount of damage taken
+     * @param roundDown - Whether to round down {@linkcode expectedDamageTaken} with {@linkcode toDmgValue}; default `true`
+     */
+    toHaveTakenDamage(expectedDamageTaken: number, roundDown?: boolean): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Check whether the current {@linkcode WeatherType} is as expected.
+     * @param expectedWeatherType - The expected {@linkcode WeatherType}
+     */
+    toHaveWeather(expectedWeatherType: WeatherType): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Check whether the current {@linkcode TerrainType} is as expected.
+     * @param expectedTerrainType - The expected {@linkcode TerrainType}
+     */
+    toHaveTerrain(expectedTerrainType: TerrainType): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Check whether a {@linkcode Pokemon} is at full HP.
+     */
+    toHaveFullHp(): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Check whether a {@linkcode Pokemon} has a specific {@linkcode StatusEffect | non-volatile status effect}.
+     * @param expectedStatusEffect - The {@linkcode StatusEffect} the Pokemon is expected to have,
+     * or a partially filled {@linkcode Status} containing the desired properties
+     */
+    toHaveStatusEffect(expectedStatusEffect: expectedStatusType): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Check whether a {@linkcode Pokemon} has a specific {@linkcode Stat} stage.
+     * @param stat - The {@linkcode BattleStat} to check
+     * @param expectedStage - The expected stat stage value of {@linkcode stat}
+     */
+    toHaveStatStage(stat: BattleStat, expectedStage: number): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Check whether a {@linkcode Pokemon} has a specific {@linkcode BattlerTagType}.
+     * @param expectedBattlerTagType - The expected {@linkcode BattlerTagType}
+     */
+    toHaveBattlerTag(expectedBattlerTagType: BattlerTagType): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Check whether a {@linkcode Pokemon} has applied a specific {@linkcode AbilityId}.
+     * @param expectedAbilityId - The expected {@linkcode AbilityId}
+     */
+    toHaveAbilityApplied(expectedAbilityId: AbilityId): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Check whether a {@linkcode Pokemon} has a specific amount of {@linkcode Stat.HP | HP}.
+     * @param expectedHp - The expected amount of {@linkcode Stat.HP | HP} to have
+     */
+    toHaveHp(expectedHp: number): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Check whether a {@linkcode Pokemon} is currently fainted (as determined by {@linkcode Pokemon.isFainted}).
+     * @remarks
+     * When checking whether an enemy wild Pokemon is fainted, one must reference it in a variable _before_ the fainting effect occurs
+     * as otherwise the Pokemon will be GC'ed and rendered `undefined`.
+     */
+    toHaveFainted(): void;
+
+    /**
+     * Check whether a {@linkcode Pokemon} has consumed the given amount of PP for one of its moves.
+     * @param expectedValue - The {@linkcode MoveId} of the {@linkcode PokemonMove} that should have consumed PP
+     * @param ppUsed - The numerical amount of PP that should have been consumed,
+     * or `all` to indicate the move should be _out_ of PP
+     * @remarks
+     * If the Pokemon's moveset has been set via {@linkcode Overrides.MOVESET_OVERRIDE}/{@linkcode Overrides.OPP_MOVESET_OVERRIDE},
+     * does not contain {@linkcode expectedMove}
+     * or contains the desired move more than once, this will fail the test.
+     */
+    toHaveUsedPP(expectedMove: MoveId, ppUsed: number | "all"): void;
   }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/test/matchers.setup.ts b/test/matchers.setup.ts
index 03d9dd342e4..03b29302916 100644
--- a/test/matchers.setup.ts
+++ b/test/matchers.setup.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,18 @@
 import { toEqualArrayUnsorted } from "#test/test-utils/matchers/to-equal-array-unsorted";
+import { toHaveAbilityApplied } from "#test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-ability-applied";
+import { toHaveBattlerTag } from "#test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-battler-tag";
+import { toHaveEffectiveStat } from "#test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-effective-stat";
+import { toHaveFainted } from "#test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-fainted";
+import { toHaveFullHp } from "#test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-full-hp";
+import { toHaveHp } from "#test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-hp";
+import { toHaveStatStage } from "#test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-stat-stage";
+import { toHaveStatusEffect } from "#test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-status-effect";
+import { toHaveTakenDamage } from "#test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-taken-damage";
+import { toHaveTerrain } from "#test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-terrain";
 import { toHaveTypes } from "#test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-types";
+import { toHaveUsedMove } from "#test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-used-move";
+import { toHaveUsedPP } from "#test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-used-pp";
+import { toHaveWeather } from "#test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-weather";
 import { expect } from "vitest";
 
 /*
@@ -10,4 +23,17 @@ import { expect } from "vitest";
 expect.extend({
   toEqualArrayUnsorted,
   toHaveTypes,
+  toHaveUsedMove,
+  toHaveEffectiveStat,
+  toHaveTakenDamage,
+  toHaveWeather,
+  toHaveTerrain,
+  toHaveFullHp,
+  toHaveStatusEffect,
+  toHaveStatStage,
+  toHaveBattlerTag,
+  toHaveAbilityApplied,
+  toHaveHp,
+  toHaveFainted,
+  toHaveUsedPP,
 });
diff --git a/test/moves/grudge.test.ts b/test/moves/grudge.test.ts
index 6f5df077d9f..d9e2f4f8320 100644
--- a/test/moves/grudge.test.ts
+++ b/test/moves/grudge.test.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { AbilityId } from "#enums/ability-id";
 import { BattlerIndex } from "#enums/battler-index";
 import { MoveId } from "#enums/move-id";
 import { SpeciesId } from "#enums/species-id";
+import { WeatherType } from "#enums/weather-type";
 import { GameManager } from "#test/test-utils/game-manager";
 import Phaser from "phaser";
 import { afterEach, beforeAll, beforeEach, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
@@ -23,68 +24,64 @@ describe("Moves - Grudge", () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     game = new GameManager(phaserGame);
     game.override
-      .moveset([MoveId.EMBER, MoveId.SPLASH])
       .ability(AbilityId.BALL_FETCH)
       .battleStyle("single")
       .criticalHits(false)
-      .enemySpecies(SpeciesId.SHEDINJA)
-      .enemyAbility(AbilityId.WONDER_GUARD)
-      .enemyMoveset([MoveId.GRUDGE, MoveId.SPLASH]);
+      .enemySpecies(SpeciesId.RATTATA)
+      .startingLevel(100)
+      .enemyAbility(AbilityId.NO_GUARD);
   });
 
-  it("should reduce the PP of the Pokemon's move to 0 when the user has fainted", async () => {
+  it("should reduce the PP of an attack that faints the user to 0", async () => {
     await game.classicMode.startBattle([SpeciesId.FEEBAS]);
 
-    const playerPokemon = game.scene.getPlayerPokemon();
-    game.move.select(MoveId.EMBER);
-    await game.move.selectEnemyMove(MoveId.GRUDGE);
+    const feebas = game.field.getPlayerPokemon();
+    const ratatta = game.field.getEnemyPokemon();
+
+    game.move.use(MoveId.GUILLOTINE);
+    await game.move.forceEnemyMove(MoveId.GRUDGE);
     await game.setTurnOrder([BattlerIndex.ENEMY, BattlerIndex.PLAYER]);
-    await game.phaseInterceptor.to("BerryPhase");
+    await game.phaseInterceptor.to("FaintPhase");
 
-    const playerMove = playerPokemon?.getMoveset().find(m => m.moveId === MoveId.EMBER);
-
-    expect(playerMove?.getPpRatio()).toBe(0);
+    // Ratatta should have fainted and consumed all of Guillotine's PP
+    expect(ratatta).toHaveFainted();
+    expect(feebas).toHaveUsedPP(MoveId.GUILLOTINE, "all");
   });
 
   it("should remain in effect until the user's next move", async () => {
     await game.classicMode.startBattle([SpeciesId.FEEBAS]);
 
-    const playerPokemon = game.scene.getPlayerPokemon();
-    game.move.select(MoveId.SPLASH);
-    await game.move.selectEnemyMove(MoveId.GRUDGE);
+    const feebas = game.field.getPlayerPokemon();
+    const ratatta = game.field.getEnemyPokemon();
+
+    game.move.use(MoveId.SPLASH);
+    await game.move.forceEnemyMove(MoveId.GRUDGE);
     await game.setTurnOrder([BattlerIndex.PLAYER, BattlerIndex.ENEMY]);
     await game.toNextTurn();
 
-    game.move.select(MoveId.EMBER);
-    await game.move.selectEnemyMove(MoveId.SPLASH);
+    game.move.use(MoveId.GUILLOTINE);
+    await game.move.forceEnemyMove(MoveId.SPLASH);
     await game.setTurnOrder([BattlerIndex.PLAYER, BattlerIndex.ENEMY]);
-    await game.phaseInterceptor.to("BerryPhase");
+    await game.toEndOfTurn();
 
-    const playerMove = playerPokemon?.getMoveset().find(m => m.moveId === MoveId.EMBER);
-
-    expect(playerMove?.getPpRatio()).toBe(0);
+    expect(ratatta).toHaveFainted();
+    expect(feebas).toHaveUsedPP(MoveId.GUILLOTINE, "all");
   });
 
-  it("should not reduce the opponent's PP if the user dies to weather/indirect damage", async () => {
+  it("should not reduce PP if the user dies to weather/indirect damage", async () => {
     // Opponent will be reduced to 1 HP by False Swipe, then faint to Sandstorm
-    game.override
-      .moveset([MoveId.FALSE_SWIPE])
-      .startingLevel(100)
-      .ability(AbilityId.SAND_STREAM)
-      .enemySpecies(SpeciesId.RATTATA);
-    await game.classicMode.startBattle([SpeciesId.GEODUDE]);
+    game.override.weather(WeatherType.SANDSTORM);
+    await game.classicMode.startBattle([SpeciesId.FEEBAS]);
 
-    const enemyPokemon = game.scene.getEnemyPokemon();
-    const playerPokemon = game.scene.getPlayerPokemon();
+    const feebas = game.field.getPlayerPokemon();
+    const ratatta = game.field.getEnemyPokemon();
 
-    game.move.select(MoveId.FALSE_SWIPE);
-    await game.move.selectEnemyMove(MoveId.GRUDGE);
+    game.move.use(MoveId.FALSE_SWIPE);
+    await game.move.forceEnemyMove(MoveId.GRUDGE);
     await game.setTurnOrder([BattlerIndex.ENEMY, BattlerIndex.PLAYER]);
-    await game.phaseInterceptor.to("BerryPhase");
+    await game.toEndOfTurn();
 
-    expect(enemyPokemon?.isFainted()).toBe(true);
-
-    const playerMove = playerPokemon?.getMoveset().find(m => m.moveId === MoveId.FALSE_SWIPE);
-    expect(playerMove?.getPpRatio()).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(ratatta).toHaveFainted();
+    expect(feebas).toHaveUsedPP(MoveId.FALSE_SWIPE, 1);
   });
 });
diff --git a/test/moves/spite.test.ts b/test/moves/spite.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..56c1be76198
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/moves/spite.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+import { AbilityId } from "#enums/ability-id";
+import { BattlerIndex } from "#enums/battler-index";
+import { MoveId } from "#enums/move-id";
+import { MoveResult } from "#enums/move-result";
+import { MoveUseMode } from "#enums/move-use-mode";
+import { SpeciesId } from "#enums/species-id";
+import { GameManager } from "#test/test-utils/game-manager";
+import Phaser from "phaser";
+import { afterEach, beforeAll, beforeEach, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+describe("Moves - Spite", () => {
+  let phaserGame: Phaser.Game;
+  let game: GameManager;
+
+  beforeAll(() => {
+    phaserGame = new Phaser.Game({
+      type: Phaser.HEADLESS,
+    });
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    game.phaseInterceptor.restoreOg();
+  });
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    game = new GameManager(phaserGame);
+    game.override
+      .ability(AbilityId.BALL_FETCH)
+      .battleStyle("single")
+      .criticalHits(false)
+      .enemySpecies(SpeciesId.MAGIKARP)
+      .enemyAbility(AbilityId.BALL_FETCH)
+      .startingLevel(100)
+      .enemyLevel(100);
+  });
+
+  it("should reduce the PP of the target's last used move by 4", async () => {
+    await game.classicMode.startBattle([SpeciesId.FEEBAS]);
+
+    const karp = game.field.getEnemyPokemon();
+    game.move.changeMoveset(karp, [MoveId.SPLASH, MoveId.TACKLE]);
+
+    game.move.use(MoveId.SPITE);
+    await game.move.selectEnemyMove(MoveId.TACKLE);
+    await game.setTurnOrder([BattlerIndex.PLAYER, BattlerIndex.ENEMY]);
+    await game.toNextTurn();
+
+    expect(karp).toHaveUsedPP(MoveId.TACKLE, 1);
+
+    game.move.use(MoveId.SPITE);
+    await game.move.selectEnemyMove(MoveId.SPLASH);
+    await game.setTurnOrder([BattlerIndex.PLAYER, BattlerIndex.ENEMY]);
+    await game.toEndOfTurn();
+
+    expect(karp).toHaveUsedPP(MoveId.TACKLE, 4 + 1);
+  });
+
+  it("should fail if the target has not used a move", async () => {
+    await game.classicMode.startBattle([SpeciesId.FEEBAS]);
+
+    const karp = game.field.getEnemyPokemon();
+    game.move.changeMoveset(karp, [MoveId.SPLASH, MoveId.TACKLE]);
+
+    game.move.use(MoveId.SPITE);
+    await game.move.selectEnemyMove(MoveId.TACKLE);
+    await game.setTurnOrder([BattlerIndex.PLAYER, BattlerIndex.ENEMY]);
+    await game.toEndOfTurn();
+
+    const feebas = game.field.getPlayerPokemon();
+    expect(feebas).toHaveUsedMove({ move: MoveId.SPITE, result: MoveResult.FAIL });
+  });
+
+  it("should fail if the target's last used move is out of PP", async () => {
+    await game.classicMode.startBattle([SpeciesId.FEEBAS]);
+
+    const karp = game.field.getEnemyPokemon();
+    game.move.changeMoveset(karp, [MoveId.TACKLE]);
+    karp.moveset[0].ppUsed = 0;
+
+    game.move.use(MoveId.SPITE);
+    await game.move.selectEnemyMove(MoveId.TACKLE);
+    await game.setTurnOrder([BattlerIndex.PLAYER, BattlerIndex.ENEMY]);
+    await game.toEndOfTurn();
+
+    const feebas = game.field.getPlayerPokemon();
+    expect(feebas).toHaveUsedMove({ move: MoveId.SPITE, result: MoveResult.FAIL });
+  });
+
+  it("should fail if the target's last used move is not in their moveset", async () => {
+    await game.classicMode.startBattle([SpeciesId.FEEBAS]);
+
+    const karp = game.field.getEnemyPokemon();
+    game.move.changeMoveset(karp, [MoveId.TACKLE]);
+    // Fake magikarp having used Splash the turn prior
+    karp.pushMoveHistory({ move: MoveId.SPLASH, targets: [BattlerIndex.ENEMY], useMode: MoveUseMode.NORMAL });
+
+    game.move.use(MoveId.SPITE);
+    await game.move.selectEnemyMove(MoveId.TACKLE);
+    await game.setTurnOrder([BattlerIndex.PLAYER, BattlerIndex.ENEMY]);
+    await game.toEndOfTurn();
+
+    const feebas = game.field.getPlayerPokemon();
+    expect(feebas).toHaveUsedMove({ move: MoveId.SPITE, result: MoveResult.FAIL });
+  });
+
+  it("should ignore virtual and Dancer-induced moves", async () => {
+    game.override.battleStyle("double").enemyAbility(AbilityId.DANCER);
+    game.move.forceMetronomeMove(MoveId.SPLASH);
+    await game.classicMode.startBattle([SpeciesId.FEEBAS]);
+
+    const [karp1, karp2] = game.scene.getEnemyField();
+    game.move.changeMoveset(karp1, [MoveId.SPLASH, MoveId.METRONOME, MoveId.SWORDS_DANCE]);
+    game.move.changeMoveset(karp2, [MoveId.SWORDS_DANCE, MoveId.TACKLE]);
+
+    game.move.use(MoveId.SPITE);
+    await game.move.selectEnemyMove(MoveId.METRONOME);
+    await game.move.selectEnemyMove(MoveId.SWORDS_DANCE);
+    await game.setTurnOrder([BattlerIndex.ENEMY, BattlerIndex.ENEMY_2, BattlerIndex.PLAYER]);
+    await game.toEndOfTurn();
+
+    // Spite ignored virtual splash and swords dance, instead only docking from metronome
+    expect(karp1).toHaveUsedPP(MoveId.SPLASH, 0);
+    expect(karp1).toHaveUsedPP(MoveId.SWORDS_DANCE, 0);
+    expect(karp1).toHaveUsedPP(MoveId.METRONOME, 5);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/test/test-utils/matchers/to-equal-array-unsorted.ts b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-equal-array-unsorted.ts
index 0627623bbd9..846ea9e7779 100644
--- a/test/test-utils/matchers/to-equal-array-unsorted.ts
+++ b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-equal-array-unsorted.ts
@@ -1,43 +1,47 @@
+import { getOnelineDiffStr } from "#test/test-utils/string-utils";
 import type { MatcherState, SyncExpectationResult } from "@vitest/expect";
 
 /**
- * Matcher to check if an array contains exactly the given items, disregarding order.
- * @param received - The object to check. Should be an array of elements.
- * @returns The result of the matching
+ * Matcher that checks if an array contains exactly the given items, disregarding order.
+ * @param received - The received value. Should be an array of elements
+ * @param expected - The array to check equality with
+ * @returns Whether the matcher passed
  */
-export function toEqualArrayUnsorted(this: MatcherState, received: unknown, expected: unknown): SyncExpectationResult {
+export function toEqualArrayUnsorted(
+  this: MatcherState,
+  received: unknown,
+  expected: unknown[],
+): SyncExpectationResult {
   if (!Array.isArray(received)) {
     return {
-      pass: this.isNot,
+      pass: false,
       message: () => `Expected an array, but got ${this.utils.stringify(received)}!`,
     };
   }
 
-  if (!Array.isArray(expected)) {
-    return {
-      pass: this.isNot,
-      message: () => `Expected to recieve an array, but got ${this.utils.stringify(expected)}!`,
-    };
-  }
-
   if (received.length !== expected.length) {
     return {
-      pass: this.isNot,
-      message: () => `Expected to recieve array of length ${received.length}, but got ${expected.length}!`,
+      pass: false,
+      message: () => `Expected to receive array of length ${received.length}, but got ${expected.length} instead!`,
       actual: received,
       expected,
     };
   }
 
-  const gotSorted = received.slice().sort();
-  const wantSorted = expected.slice().sort();
-  const pass = this.equals(gotSorted, wantSorted, [...this.customTesters, this.utils.iterableEquality]);
+  const actualSorted = received.slice().sort();
+  const expectedSorted = expected.slice().sort();
+  const pass = this.equals(actualSorted, expectedSorted, [...this.customTesters, this.utils.iterableEquality]);
+
+  const actualStr = getOnelineDiffStr.call(this, actualSorted);
+  const expectedStr = getOnelineDiffStr.call(this, expectedSorted);
 
   return {
-    pass: this.isNot !== pass,
+    pass,
     message: () =>
-      `Expected ${this.utils.stringify(received)} to exactly equal ${this.utils.stringify(expected)} without order!`,
-    actual: gotSorted,
-    expected: wantSorted,
+      pass
+        ? `Expected ${actualStr} to NOT exactly equal ${expectedStr} without order, but it did!`
+        : `Expected ${actualStr} to exactly equal ${expectedStr} without order, but it didn't!`,
+    expected: expectedSorted,
+    actual: actualSorted,
   };
 }
diff --git a/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-ability-applied.ts b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-ability-applied.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a3921e6371c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-ability-applied.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/* biome-ignore-start lint/correctness/noUnusedImports: tsdoc imports */
+import type { Pokemon } from "#field/pokemon";
+/* biome-ignore-end lint/correctness/noUnusedImports: tsdoc imports */
+
+import { getPokemonNameWithAffix } from "#app/messages";
+import { AbilityId } from "#enums/ability-id";
+import { getEnumStr } from "#test/test-utils/string-utils";
+import { isPokemonInstance, receivedStr } from "#test/test-utils/test-utils";
+import type { MatcherState, SyncExpectationResult } from "@vitest/expect";
+
+/**
+ * Matcher that checks if a {@linkcode Pokemon} has applied a specific {@linkcode AbilityId}.
+ * @param received - The object to check. Should be a {@linkcode Pokemon}
+ * @param expectedAbility - The {@linkcode AbilityId} to check for
+ * @returns Whether the matcher passed
+ */
+export function toHaveAbilityApplied(
+  this: MatcherState,
+  received: unknown,
+  expectedAbilityId: AbilityId,
+): SyncExpectationResult {
+  if (!isPokemonInstance(received)) {
+    return {
+      pass: false,
+      message: () => `Expected to recieve a Pokemon, but got ${receivedStr(received)}!`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const pass = received.waveData.abilitiesApplied.has(expectedAbilityId);
+
+  const pkmName = getPokemonNameWithAffix(received);
+  const expectedAbilityStr = getEnumStr(AbilityId, expectedAbilityId);
+
+  return {
+    pass,
+    message: () =>
+      pass
+        ? `Expected ${pkmName} to NOT have applied ${expectedAbilityStr}, but it did!`
+        : `Expected ${pkmName} to have applied ${expectedAbilityStr}, but it didn't!`,
+    expected: expectedAbilityId,
+    actual: received.waveData.abilitiesApplied,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-battler-tag.ts b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-battler-tag.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..af405d7da39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-battler-tag.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/* biome-ignore-start lint/correctness/noUnusedImports: tsdoc imports */
+import type { Pokemon } from "#field/pokemon";
+/* biome-ignore-end lint/correctness/noUnusedImports: tsdoc imports */
+
+import { getPokemonNameWithAffix } from "#app/messages";
+import { BattlerTagType } from "#enums/battler-tag-type";
+import { getEnumStr } from "#test/test-utils/string-utils";
+import { isPokemonInstance, receivedStr } from "#test/test-utils/test-utils";
+import type { MatcherState, SyncExpectationResult } from "@vitest/expect";
+
+/**
+ * Matcher that checks if a {@linkcode Pokemon} has a specific {@linkcode BattlerTagType}.
+ * @param received - The object to check. Should be a {@linkcode Pokemon}
+ * @param expectedBattlerTagType - The {@linkcode BattlerTagType} to check for
+ * @returns Whether the matcher passed
+ */
+export function toHaveBattlerTag(
+  this: MatcherState,
+  received: unknown,
+  expectedBattlerTagType: BattlerTagType,
+): SyncExpectationResult {
+  if (!isPokemonInstance(received)) {
+    return {
+      pass: this.isNot,
+      message: () => `Expected to receive a Pokémon, but got ${receivedStr(received)}!`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const pass = !!received.getTag(expectedBattlerTagType);
+  const pkmName = getPokemonNameWithAffix(received);
+  // "BattlerTagType.SEEDED (=1)"
+  const expectedTagStr = getEnumStr(BattlerTagType, expectedBattlerTagType, { prefix: "BattlerTagType." });
+
+  return {
+    pass,
+    message: () =>
+      pass
+        ? `Expected ${pkmName} to NOT have ${expectedTagStr}, but it did!`
+        : `Expected ${pkmName} to have ${expectedTagStr}, but it didn't!`,
+    expected: expectedBattlerTagType,
+    actual: received.summonData.tags.map(t => t.tagType),
+  };
+}
diff --git a/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-effective-stat.ts b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-effective-stat.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bc10a646c02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-effective-stat.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import { getPokemonNameWithAffix } from "#app/messages";
+import type { EffectiveStat } from "#enums/stat";
+import type { Pokemon } from "#field/pokemon";
+import type { Move } from "#moves/move";
+import { getStatName } from "#test/test-utils/string-utils";
+import { isPokemonInstance, receivedStr } from "#test/test-utils/test-utils";
+import type { MatcherState, SyncExpectationResult } from "@vitest/expect";
+
+export interface ToHaveEffectiveStatMatcherOptions {
+  /**
+   * The target {@linkcode Pokemon}
+   * @see {@linkcode Pokemon.getEffectiveStat}
+   */
+  enemy?: Pokemon;
+  /**
+   * The {@linkcode Move} being used
+   * @see {@linkcode Pokemon.getEffectiveStat}
+   */
+  move?: Move;
+  /**
+   * Whether a critical hit occurred or not
+   * @see {@linkcode Pokemon.getEffectiveStat}
+   * @defaultValue `false`
+   */
+  isCritical?: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Matcher that checks if a {@linkcode Pokemon}'s effective stat equals a certain value.
+ * @param received - The object to check. Should be a {@linkcode Pokemon}
+ * @param stat - The {@linkcode EffectiveStat} to check
+ * @param expectedValue - The expected value of the {@linkcode stat}
+ * @param options - The {@linkcode ToHaveEffectiveStatMatcherOptions}
+ * @returns Whether the matcher passed
+ */
+export function toHaveEffectiveStat(
+  this: MatcherState,
+  received: unknown,
+  stat: EffectiveStat,
+  expectedValue: number,
+  { enemy, move, isCritical = false }: ToHaveEffectiveStatMatcherOptions = {},
+): SyncExpectationResult {
+  if (!isPokemonInstance(received)) {
+    return {
+      pass: false,
+      message: () => `Expected to receive a Pokémon, but got ${receivedStr(received)}!`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  // TODO: Change once getEffectiveStat is refactored to take an object literal
+  const actualValue = received.getEffectiveStat(stat, enemy, move, undefined, undefined, undefined, isCritical);
+  const pass = actualValue === expectedValue;
+
+  const pkmName = getPokemonNameWithAffix(received);
+  const statName = getStatName(stat);
+
+  return {
+    pass,
+    message: () =>
+      pass
+        ? `Expected ${pkmName} to NOT have ${expectedValue} ${statName}, but it did!`
+        : `Expected ${pkmName} to have ${expectedValue} ${statName}, but got ${actualValue} instead!`,
+    expected: expectedValue,
+    actual: actualValue,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-fainted.ts b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-fainted.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..73ca96a31b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-fainted.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import { getPokemonNameWithAffix } from "#app/messages";
+// biome-ignore lint/correctness/noUnusedImports: TSDoc
+import type { Pokemon } from "#field/pokemon";
+import { isPokemonInstance, receivedStr } from "#test/test-utils/test-utils";
+import type { MatcherState, SyncExpectationResult } from "@vitest/expect";
+
+/**
+ * Matcher that checks if a {@linkcode Pokemon} has fainted.
+ * @param received - The object to check. Should be a {@linkcode Pokemon}
+ * @returns Whether the matcher passed
+ */
+export function toHaveFainted(this: MatcherState, received: unknown): SyncExpectationResult {
+  if (!isPokemonInstance(received)) {
+    return {
+      pass: false,
+      message: () => `Expected to receive a Pokémon, but got ${receivedStr(received)}!`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const pass = received.isFainted();
+
+  const hp = received.hp;
+  const maxHp = received.getMaxHp();
+  const pkmName = getPokemonNameWithAffix(received);
+
+  return {
+    pass,
+    message: () =>
+      pass
+        ? `Expected ${pkmName} to NOT have fainted, but it did!`
+        : `Expected ${pkmName} to have fainted, but it didn't! (${hp}/${maxHp} HP)`,
+    expected: 0,
+    actual: hp,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-full-hp.ts b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-full-hp.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3d7c8f9458d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-full-hp.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import { getPokemonNameWithAffix } from "#app/messages";
+// biome-ignore lint/correctness/noUnusedImports: TSDoc
+import type { Pokemon } from "#field/pokemon";
+import { isPokemonInstance, receivedStr } from "#test/test-utils/test-utils";
+import type { MatcherState, SyncExpectationResult } from "@vitest/expect";
+
+/**
+ * Matcher that checks if a {@linkcode Pokemon} is at full hp.
+ * @param received - The object to check. Should be a {@linkcode Pokemon}.
+ * @returns Whether the matcher passed
+ */
+export function toHaveFullHp(this: MatcherState, received: unknown): SyncExpectationResult {
+  if (!isPokemonInstance(received)) {
+    return {
+      pass: false,
+      message: () => `Expected to receive a Pokémon, but got ${receivedStr(received)}!`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const pass = received.isFullHp();
+
+  const hp = received.hp;
+  const maxHp = received.getMaxHp();
+  const pkmName = getPokemonNameWithAffix(received);
+
+  return {
+    pass,
+    message: () =>
+      pass
+        ? `Expected ${pkmName} to NOT have full hp, but it did!`
+        : `Expected ${pkmName} to have full hp, but it didn't! (${hp}/${maxHp} HP)`,
+    expected: maxHp,
+    actual: hp,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-hp.ts b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-hp.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..20d171b23ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-hp.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import { getPokemonNameWithAffix } from "#app/messages";
+// biome-ignore lint/correctness/noUnusedImports: TSDoc
+import type { Pokemon } from "#field/pokemon";
+import { isPokemonInstance, receivedStr } from "#test/test-utils/test-utils";
+import type { MatcherState, SyncExpectationResult } from "@vitest/expect";
+
+/**
+ * Matcher that checks if a Pokemon has a specific amount of HP.
+ * @param received - The object to check. Should be a {@linkcode Pokemon}.
+ * @param expectedHp - The expected amount of HP the {@linkcode Pokemon} has
+ * @returns Whether the matcher passed
+ */
+export function toHaveHp(this: MatcherState, received: unknown, expectedHp: number): SyncExpectationResult {
+  if (!isPokemonInstance(received)) {
+    return {
+      pass: false,
+      message: () => `Expected to receive a Pokémon, but got ${receivedStr(received)}!`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const actualHp = received.hp;
+  const pass = actualHp === expectedHp;
+
+  const pkmName = getPokemonNameWithAffix(received);
+
+  return {
+    pass,
+    message: () =>
+      pass
+        ? `Expected ${pkmName} to NOT have ${expectedHp} HP, but it did!`
+        : `Expected ${pkmName} to have ${expectedHp} HP, but got ${actualHp} HP instead!`,
+    expected: expectedHp,
+    actual: actualHp,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-stat-stage.ts b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-stat-stage.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..feecd650bef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-stat-stage.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/** biome-ignore-start lint/correctness/noUnusedImports: TSDoc imports */
+import type { Pokemon } from "#field/pokemon";
+/** biome-ignore-end lint/correctness/noUnusedImports: TSDoc imports */
+
+import { getPokemonNameWithAffix } from "#app/messages";
+import type { BattleStat } from "#enums/stat";
+import { getStatName } from "#test/test-utils/string-utils";
+import { isPokemonInstance, receivedStr } from "#test/test-utils/test-utils";
+import type { MatcherState, SyncExpectationResult } from "@vitest/expect";
+
+/**
+ * Matcher that checks if a Pokemon has a specific {@linkcode BattleStat | Stat} stage.
+ * @param received - The object to check. Should be a {@linkcode Pokemon}.
+ * @param stat - The {@linkcode BattleStat | Stat} to check
+ * @param expectedStage - The expected numerical value of {@linkcode stat}; should be within the range `[-6, 6]`
+ * @returns Whether the matcher passed
+ */
+export function toHaveStatStage(
+  this: MatcherState,
+  received: unknown,
+  stat: BattleStat,
+  expectedStage: number,
+): SyncExpectationResult {
+  if (!isPokemonInstance(received)) {
+    return {
+      pass: false,
+      message: () => `Expected to receive a Pokémon, but got ${receivedStr(received)}!`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (expectedStage < -6 || expectedStage > 6) {
+    return {
+      pass: false,
+      message: () => `Expected ${expectedStage} to be within the range [-6, 6]!`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const actualStage = received.getStatStage(stat);
+  const pass = actualStage === expectedStage;
+
+  const pkmName = getPokemonNameWithAffix(received);
+  const statName = getStatName(stat);
+
+  return {
+    pass,
+    message: () =>
+      pass
+        ? `Expected ${pkmName}'s ${statName} stat stage to NOT be ${expectedStage}, but it was!`
+        : `Expected ${pkmName}'s ${statName} stat stage to be ${expectedStage}, but got ${actualStage} instead!`,
+    expected: expectedStage,
+    actual: actualStage,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-status-effect.ts b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-status-effect.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a46800632f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-status-effect.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/* biome-ignore-start lint/correctness/noUnusedImports: tsdoc imports */
+import type { Status } from "#data/status-effect";
+import type { Pokemon } from "#field/pokemon";
+/* biome-ignore-end lint/correctness/noUnusedImports: tsdoc imports */
+
+import { getPokemonNameWithAffix } from "#app/messages";
+import { StatusEffect } from "#enums/status-effect";
+import { getEnumStr, getOnelineDiffStr } from "#test/test-utils/string-utils";
+import { isPokemonInstance, receivedStr } from "#test/test-utils/test-utils";
+import type { MatcherState, SyncExpectationResult } from "@vitest/expect";
+
+export type expectedStatusType =
+  | StatusEffect
+  | { effect: StatusEffect.TOXIC; toxicTurnCount: number }
+  | { effect: StatusEffect.SLEEP; sleepTurnsRemaining: number };
+
+/**
+ * Matcher that checks if a Pokemon's {@linkcode StatusEffect} is as expected
+ * @param received - The actual value received. Should be a {@linkcode Pokemon}
+ * @param expectedStatus - The {@linkcode StatusEffect} the Pokemon is expected to have,
+ * or a partially filled {@linkcode Status} containing the desired properties
+ * @returns Whether the matcher passed
+ */
+export function toHaveStatusEffect(
+  this: MatcherState,
+  received: unknown,
+  expectedStatus: expectedStatusType,
+): SyncExpectationResult {
+  if (!isPokemonInstance(received)) {
+    return {
+      pass: false,
+      message: () => `Expected to receive a Pokémon, but got ${receivedStr(received)}!`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const pkmName = getPokemonNameWithAffix(received);
+  const actualEffect = received.status?.effect ?? StatusEffect.NONE;
+
+  // Check exclusively effect equality first, coercing non-matching status effects to numbers.
+  if (actualEffect !== (expectedStatus as Exclude<typeof expectedStatus, StatusEffect>)?.effect) {
+    // This is actually 100% safe as `expectedStatus?.effect` will evaluate to `undefined` if a StatusEffect was passed,
+    // which will never match actualEffect by definition
+    expectedStatus = (expectedStatus as Exclude<typeof expectedStatus, StatusEffect>).effect;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof expectedStatus === "number") {
+    const pass = this.equals(actualEffect, expectedStatus, [...this.customTesters, this.utils.iterableEquality]);
+
+    const actualStr = getEnumStr(StatusEffect, actualEffect, { prefix: "StatusEffect." });
+    const expectedStr = getEnumStr(StatusEffect, expectedStatus, { prefix: "StatusEffect." });
+
+    return {
+      pass,
+      message: () =>
+        pass
+          ? `Expected ${pkmName} to NOT have ${expectedStr}, but it did!`
+          : `Expected ${pkmName} to have status effect ${expectedStr}, but got ${actualStr} instead!`,
+      expected: expectedStatus,
+      actual: actualEffect,
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Check for equality of all fields (for toxic turn count/etc)
+  const actualStatus = received.status;
+  const pass = this.equals(received, expectedStatus, [
+    ...this.customTesters,
+    this.utils.subsetEquality,
+    this.utils.iterableEquality,
+  ]);
+
+  const expectedStr = getOnelineDiffStr.call(this, expectedStatus);
+  const actualStr = getOnelineDiffStr.call(this, actualStatus);
+
+  return {
+    pass,
+    message: () =>
+      pass
+        ? `Expected ${pkmName}'s status to NOT match ${expectedStr}, but it did!`
+        : `Expected ${pkmName}'s status to match ${expectedStr}, but got ${actualStr} instead!`,
+    expected: expectedStatus,
+    actual: actualStatus,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-taken-damage.ts b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-taken-damage.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..77c60ae836a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-taken-damage.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/** biome-ignore-start lint/correctness/noUnusedImports: TSDoc imports */
+import type { Pokemon } from "#field/pokemon";
+/** biome-ignore-end lint/correctness/noUnusedImports: TSDoc imports */
+
+import { getPokemonNameWithAffix } from "#app/messages";
+import { isPokemonInstance, receivedStr } from "#test/test-utils/test-utils";
+import { toDmgValue } from "#utils/common";
+import type { MatcherState, SyncExpectationResult } from "@vitest/expect";
+
+/**
+ * Matcher that checks if a Pokemon has taken a specific amount of damage.
+ * Unless specified, will run the expected damage value through {@linkcode toDmgValue}
+ * to round it down and make it a minimum of 1.
+ * @param received - The object to check. Should be a {@linkcode Pokemon}.
+ * @param expectedDamageTaken - The expected amount of damage the {@linkcode Pokemon} has taken
+ * @param roundDown - Whether to round down {@linkcode expectedDamageTaken} with {@linkcode toDmgValue}; default `true`
+ * @returns Whether the matcher passed
+ */
+export function toHaveTakenDamage(
+  this: MatcherState,
+  received: unknown,
+  expectedDamageTaken: number,
+  roundDown = true,
+): SyncExpectationResult {
+  if (!isPokemonInstance(received)) {
+    return {
+      pass: false,
+      message: () => `Expected to receive a Pokémon, but got ${receivedStr(received)}!`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const expectedDmgValue = roundDown ? toDmgValue(expectedDamageTaken) : expectedDamageTaken;
+  const actualDmgValue = received.getInverseHp();
+  const pass = actualDmgValue === expectedDmgValue;
+  const pkmName = getPokemonNameWithAffix(received);
+
+  return {
+    pass,
+    message: () =>
+      pass
+        ? `Expected ${pkmName} to NOT have taken ${expectedDmgValue} damage, but it did!`
+        : `Expected ${pkmName} to have taken ${expectedDmgValue} damage, but got ${actualDmgValue} instead!`,
+    expected: expectedDmgValue,
+    actual: actualDmgValue,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-terrain.ts b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-terrain.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..292c32abafc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-terrain.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/** biome-ignore-start lint/correctness/noUnusedImports: TSDoc imports */
+import type { GameManager } from "#test/test-utils/game-manager";
+/** biome-ignore-end lint/correctness/noUnusedImports: TSDoc imports */
+
+import { TerrainType } from "#app/data/terrain";
+import { getEnumStr } from "#test/test-utils/string-utils";
+import { isGameManagerInstance, receivedStr } from "#test/test-utils/test-utils";
+import type { MatcherState, SyncExpectationResult } from "@vitest/expect";
+
+/**
+ * Matcher that checks if the {@linkcode TerrainType} is as expected
+ * @param received - The object to check. Should be an instance of {@linkcode GameManager}.
+ * @param expectedTerrainType - The expected {@linkcode TerrainType}, or {@linkcode TerrainType.NONE} if no terrain should be active
+ * @returns Whether the matcher passed
+ */
+export function toHaveTerrain(
+  this: MatcherState,
+  received: unknown,
+  expectedTerrainType: TerrainType,
+): SyncExpectationResult {
+  if (!isGameManagerInstance(received)) {
+    return {
+      pass: false,
+      message: () => `Expected GameManager, but got ${receivedStr(received)}!`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (!received.scene?.arena) {
+    return {
+      pass: false,
+      message: () => `Expected GameManager.${received.scene ? "scene" : "scene.arena"} to be defined!`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const actual = received.scene.arena.getTerrainType();
+  const pass = actual === expectedTerrainType;
+  const actualStr = toTerrainStr(actual);
+  const expectedStr = toTerrainStr(expectedTerrainType);
+
+  return {
+    pass,
+    message: () =>
+      pass
+        ? `Expected Arena to NOT have ${expectedStr} active, but it did!`
+        : `Expected Arena to have ${expectedStr} active, but got ${actualStr} instead!`,
+    expected: expectedTerrainType,
+    actual,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get a human readable string of the current {@linkcode TerrainType}.
+ * @param terrainType - The {@linkcode TerrainType} to transform
+ * @returns A human readable string
+ */
+function toTerrainStr(terrainType: TerrainType) {
+  if (terrainType === TerrainType.NONE) {
+    return "no terrain";
+  }
+  // "Electric Terrain (=2)"
+  return getEnumStr(TerrainType, terrainType, { casing: "Title", suffix: " Terrain" });
+}
diff --git a/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-types.ts b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-types.ts
index d09f4fc5f76..3f16f740583 100644
--- a/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-types.ts
+++ b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-types.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
+import { getPokemonNameWithAffix } from "#app/messages";
 import { PokemonType } from "#enums/pokemon-type";
-import { Pokemon } from "#field/pokemon";
+import type { Pokemon } from "#field/pokemon";
+import { stringifyEnumArray } from "#test/test-utils/string-utils";
 import type { MatcherState, SyncExpectationResult } from "@vitest/expect";
+import { isPokemonInstance, receivedStr } from "../test-utils";
 
 export interface toHaveTypesOptions {
   /**
@@ -15,7 +18,7 @@ export interface toHaveTypesOptions {
 }
 
 /**
- * Matcher to check if an array contains exactly the given items, disregarding order.
+ * Matcher that checks if an array contains exactly the given items, disregarding order.
  * @param received - The object to check. Should be an array of one or more {@linkcode PokemonType}s.
  * @param options - The {@linkcode toHaveTypesOptions | options} for this matcher
  * @returns The result of the matching
@@ -23,42 +26,36 @@ export interface toHaveTypesOptions {
 export function toHaveTypes(
   this: MatcherState,
   received: unknown,
-  expected: unknown,
+  expected: [PokemonType, ...PokemonType[]],
   options: toHaveTypesOptions = {},
 ): SyncExpectationResult {
-  if (!(received instanceof Pokemon)) {
+  if (!isPokemonInstance(received)) {
     return {
-      pass: this.isNot,
-      message: () => `Expected a Pokemon, but got ${this.utils.stringify(received)}!`,
+      pass: false,
+      message: () => `Expected to recieve a Pokémon, but got ${receivedStr(received)}!`,
     };
   }
 
-  if (!Array.isArray(expected) || expected.length === 0) {
-    return {
-      pass: this.isNot,
-      message: () => `Expected to recieve an array with length >=1, but got ${this.utils.stringify(expected)}!`,
-    };
-  }
+  const actualTypes = received.getTypes(...(options.args ?? [])).sort();
+  const expectedTypes = expected.slice().sort();
 
-  if (!expected.every((t): t is PokemonType => t in PokemonType)) {
-    return {
-      pass: this.isNot,
-      message: () => `Expected to recieve array of PokemonTypes but got ${this.utils.stringify(expected)}!`,
-    };
-  }
+  // Exact matches do not care about subset equality
+  const matchers = options.exact
+    ? [...this.customTesters, this.utils.iterableEquality]
+    : [...this.customTesters, this.utils.subsetEquality, this.utils.iterableEquality];
+  const pass = this.equals(actualTypes, expectedTypes, matchers);
 
-  const gotSorted = pkmnTypeToStr(received.getTypes(...(options.args ?? [])));
-  const wantSorted = pkmnTypeToStr(expected.slice());
-  const pass = this.equals(gotSorted, wantSorted, [...this.customTesters, this.utils.iterableEquality]);
+  const actualStr = stringifyEnumArray(PokemonType, actualTypes);
+  const expectedStr = stringifyEnumArray(PokemonType, expectedTypes);
+  const pkmName = getPokemonNameWithAffix(received);
 
   return {
-    pass: this.isNot !== pass,
-    message: () => `Expected ${received.name} to have types ${this.utils.stringify(wantSorted)}, but got ${gotSorted}!`,
-    actual: gotSorted,
-    expected: wantSorted,
+    pass,
+    message: () =>
+      pass
+        ? `Expected ${pkmName} to NOT have types ${expectedStr}, but it did!`
+        : `Expected ${pkmName} to have types ${expectedStr}, but got ${actualStr} instead!`,
+    expected: expectedTypes,
+    actual: actualTypes,
   };
 }
-
-function pkmnTypeToStr(p: PokemonType[]): string[] {
-  return p.sort().map(type => PokemonType[type]);
-}
diff --git a/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-used-move.ts b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-used-move.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ef90e4dbad9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-used-move.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/** biome-ignore-start lint/correctness/noUnusedImports: TSDoc imports */
+import type { Pokemon } from "#field/pokemon";
+/** biome-ignore-end lint/correctness/noUnusedImports: TSDoc imports */
+
+import { getPokemonNameWithAffix } from "#app/messages";
+import type { MoveId } from "#enums/move-id";
+import { getOnelineDiffStr, getOrdinal } from "#test/test-utils/string-utils";
+import { isPokemonInstance, receivedStr } from "#test/test-utils/test-utils";
+import type { TurnMove } from "#types/turn-move";
+import type { AtLeastOne } from "#types/type-helpers";
+import type { MatcherState, SyncExpectationResult } from "@vitest/expect";
+
+/**
+ * Matcher to check the contents of a {@linkcode Pokemon}'s move history.
+ * @param received - The actual value received. Should be a {@linkcode Pokemon}
+ * @param expectedValue - The {@linkcode MoveId} the Pokemon is expected to have used,
+ * or a partially filled {@linkcode TurnMove} containing the desired properties to check
+ * @param index - The index of the move history entry to check, in order from most recent to least recent.
+ * Default `0` (last used move)
+ * @returns Whether the matcher passed
+ */
+export function toHaveUsedMove(
+  this: MatcherState,
+  received: unknown,
+  expectedResult: MoveId | AtLeastOne<TurnMove>,
+  index = 0,
+): SyncExpectationResult {
+  if (!isPokemonInstance(received)) {
+    return {
+      pass: false,
+      message: () => `Expected to receive a Pokémon, but got ${receivedStr(received)}!`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const move: TurnMove | undefined = received.getLastXMoves(-1)[index];
+  const pkmName = getPokemonNameWithAffix(received);
+
+  if (move === undefined) {
+    return {
+      pass: false,
+      message: () => `Expected ${pkmName} to have used ${index + 1} moves, but it didn't!`,
+      actual: received.getLastXMoves(-1),
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Coerce to a `TurnMove`
+  if (typeof expectedResult === "number") {
+    expectedResult = { move: expectedResult };
+  }
+
+  const moveIndexStr = index === 0 ? "last move" : `${getOrdinal(index)} most recent move`;
+
+  const pass = this.equals(move, expectedResult, [
+    ...this.customTesters,
+    this.utils.subsetEquality,
+    this.utils.iterableEquality,
+  ]);
+
+  const expectedStr = getOnelineDiffStr.call(this, expectedResult);
+  return {
+    pass,
+    message: () =>
+      pass
+        ? `Expected ${pkmName}'s ${moveIndexStr} to NOT match ${expectedStr}, but it did!`
+        : // Replace newlines with spaces to preserve one-line ness
+          `Expected ${pkmName}'s ${moveIndexStr} to match ${expectedStr}, but it didn't!`,
+    expected: expectedResult,
+    actual: move,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-used-pp.ts b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-used-pp.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3b606a535bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-used-pp.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// biome-ignore-start lint/correctness/noUnusedImports: TSDoc imports
+import type { Pokemon } from "#field/pokemon";
+// biome-ignore-end lint/correctness/noUnusedImports: TSDoc imports
+
+import { getPokemonNameWithAffix } from "#app/messages";
+import Overrides from "#app/overrides";
+import { MoveId } from "#enums/move-id";
+import { getEnumStr } from "#test/test-utils/string-utils";
+import { isPokemonInstance, receivedStr } from "#test/test-utils/test-utils";
+import { coerceArray } from "#utils/common";
+import type { MatcherState, SyncExpectationResult } from "@vitest/expect";
+
+/**
+ * Matcher to check the amount of PP consumed by a {@linkcode Pokemon}.
+ * @param received - The actual value received. Should be a {@linkcode Pokemon}
+ * @param expectedValue - The {@linkcode MoveId} that should have consumed PP
+ * @param ppUsed - The numerical amount of PP that should have been consumed,
+ * or `all` to indicate the move should be _out_ of PP
+ * @returns Whether the matcher passed
+ * @remarks
+ * If the same move appears in the Pokemon's moveset multiple times, this will fail the test!
+ */
+export function toHaveUsedPP(
+  this: MatcherState,
+  received: unknown,
+  expectedMove: MoveId,
+  ppUsed: number | "all",
+): SyncExpectationResult {
+  if (!isPokemonInstance(received)) {
+    return {
+      pass: false,
+      message: () => `Expected to receive a Pokémon, but got ${receivedStr(received)}!`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const override = received.isPlayer() ? Overrides.MOVESET_OVERRIDE : Overrides.OPP_MOVESET_OVERRIDE;
+  if (coerceArray(override).length > 0) {
+    return {
+      pass: false,
+      message: () =>
+        `Cannot test for PP consumption with ${received.isPlayer() ? "player" : "enemy"} moveset overrides active!`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const pkmName = getPokemonNameWithAffix(received);
+  const moveStr = getEnumStr(MoveId, expectedMove);
+
+  const movesetMoves = received.getMoveset().filter(pm => pm.moveId === expectedMove);
+  if (movesetMoves.length !== 1) {
+    return {
+      pass: false,
+      message: () =>
+        `Expected MoveId.${moveStr} to appear in ${pkmName}'s moveset exactly once, but got ${movesetMoves.length} times!`,
+      expected: expectedMove,
+      actual: received.getMoveset(),
+    };
+  }
+
+  const move = movesetMoves[0]; // will be the only move in the array
+
+  let ppStr: string = ppUsed.toString();
+  if (typeof ppUsed === "string") {
+    ppStr = "all its";
+    ppUsed = move.getMovePp();
+  }
+  const pass = move.ppUsed === ppUsed;
+
+  return {
+    pass,
+    message: () =>
+      pass
+        ? `Expected ${pkmName}'s ${moveStr} to NOT have used ${ppStr} PP, but it did!`
+        : `Expected ${pkmName}'s ${moveStr} to have used ${ppStr} PP, but got ${move.ppUsed} instead!`,
+    expected: ppUsed,
+    actual: move.ppUsed,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-weather.ts b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-weather.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..49433b2137b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test-utils/matchers/to-have-weather.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/** biome-ignore-start lint/correctness/noUnusedImports: TSDoc imports */
+import type { GameManager } from "#test/test-utils/game-manager";
+/** biome-ignore-end lint/correctness/noUnusedImports: TSDoc imports */
+
+import { WeatherType } from "#enums/weather-type";
+import { isGameManagerInstance, receivedStr } from "#test/test-utils/test-utils";
+import { toTitleCase } from "#utils/strings";
+import type { MatcherState, SyncExpectationResult } from "@vitest/expect";
+
+/**
+ * Matcher that checks if the {@linkcode WeatherType} is as expected
+ * @param received - The object to check. Expects an instance of {@linkcode GameManager}.
+ * @param expectedWeatherType - The expected {@linkcode WeatherType}
+ * @returns Whether the matcher passed
+ */
+export function toHaveWeather(
+  this: MatcherState,
+  received: unknown,
+  expectedWeatherType: WeatherType,
+): SyncExpectationResult {
+  if (!isGameManagerInstance(received)) {
+    return {
+      pass: false,
+      message: () => `Expected GameManager, but got ${receivedStr(received)}!`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (!received.scene?.arena) {
+    return {
+      pass: false,
+      message: () => `Expected GameManager.${received.scene ? "scene" : "scene.arena"} to be defined!`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const actual = received.scene.arena.getWeatherType();
+  const pass = actual === expectedWeatherType;
+  const actualStr = toWeatherStr(actual);
+  const expectedStr = toWeatherStr(expectedWeatherType);
+
+  return {
+    pass,
+    message: () =>
+      pass
+        ? `Expected Arena to NOT have ${expectedStr} weather active, but it did!`
+        : `Expected Arena to have ${expectedStr} weather active, but got ${actualStr} instead!`,
+    expected: expectedWeatherType,
+    actual,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get a human readable representation of the current {@linkcode WeatherType}.
+ * @param weatherType - The {@linkcode WeatherType} to transform
+ * @returns A human readable string
+ */
+function toWeatherStr(weatherType: WeatherType) {
+  if (weatherType === WeatherType.NONE) {
+    return "no weather";
+  }
+
+  return toTitleCase(WeatherType[weatherType]);
+}
diff --git a/test/test-utils/string-utils.ts b/test/test-utils/string-utils.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bd3dd7c2fa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test-utils/string-utils.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+import { getStatKey, type Stat } from "#enums/stat";
+import type { EnumOrObject, NormalEnum, TSNumericEnum } from "#types/enum-types";
+import type { ObjectValues } from "#types/type-helpers";
+import { enumValueToKey } from "#utils/enums";
+import { toTitleCase } from "#utils/strings";
+import type { MatcherState } from "@vitest/expect";
+import i18next from "i18next";
+
+type Casing = "Preserve" | "Title";
+
+interface getEnumStrOptions {
+  /**
+   * A string denoting the casing method to use.
+   * @defaultValue "Preserve"
+   */
+  casing?: Casing;
+  /**
+   * If present, will be prepended to the beginning of the enum string.
+   */
+  prefix?: string;
+  /**
+   * If present, will be added to the end of the enum string.
+   */
+  suffix?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the name of an enum member or const object value, alongside its corresponding value.
+ * @param obj - The {@linkcode EnumOrObject} to source reverse mappings from
+ * @param enums - One of {@linkcode obj}'s values
+ * @param casing - A string denoting the casing method to use; default `Preserve`
+ * @param prefix - An optional string to be prepended to the enum's string representation
+ * @param suffix - An optional string to be appended to the enum's string representation
+ * @returns The stringified representation of `val` as dictated by the options.
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * enum fakeEnum {
+ *   ONE: 1,
+ *   TWO: 2,
+ *   THREE: 3,
+ * }
+ * getEnumStr(fakeEnum, fakeEnum.ONE); // Output: "ONE (=1)"
+ * getEnumStr(fakeEnum, fakeEnum.TWO, {casing: "Title", prefix: "fakeEnum.", suffix: "!!!"}); // Output: "fakeEnum.TWO!!! (=2)"
+ * ```
+ */
+export function getEnumStr<E extends EnumOrObject>(
+  obj: E,
+  val: ObjectValues<E>,
+  { casing = "Preserve", prefix = "", suffix = "" }: getEnumStrOptions = {},
+): string {
+  let casingFunc: ((s: string) => string) | undefined;
+  switch (casing) {
+    case "Preserve":
+      break;
+    case "Title":
+      casingFunc = toTitleCase;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  let stringPart =
+    obj[val] !== undefined
+      ? // TS reverse mapped enum
+        (obj[val] as string)
+      : // Normal enum/`const object`
+        (enumValueToKey(obj as NormalEnum<E>, val) as string);
+
+  if (casingFunc) {
+    stringPart = casingFunc(stringPart);
+  }
+
+  return `${prefix}${stringPart}${suffix} (=${val})`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert an array of enums or `const object`s into a readable string version.
+ * @param obj - The {@linkcode EnumOrObject} to source reverse mappings from
+ * @param enums - An array of {@linkcode obj}'s values
+ * @returns The stringified representation of `enums`.
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * enum fakeEnum {
+ *   ONE: 1,
+ *   TWO: 2,
+ *   THREE: 3,
+ * }
+ * console.log(stringifyEnumArray(fakeEnum, [fakeEnum.ONE, fakeEnum.TWO, fakeEnum.THREE])); // Output: "[ONE, TWO, THREE] (=[1, 2, 3])"
+ * ```
+ */
+export function stringifyEnumArray<E extends EnumOrObject>(obj: E, enums: E[keyof E][]): string {
+  if (obj.length === 0) {
+    return "[]";
+  }
+
+  const vals = enums.slice();
+  /** An array of string names */
+  let names: string[];
+
+  if (obj[enums[0]] !== undefined) {
+    // Reverse mapping exists - `obj` is a `TSNumericEnum` and its reverse mapped counterparts are strings
+    names = enums.map(e => (obj as TSNumericEnum<E>)[e] as string);
+  } else {
+    // No reverse mapping exists means `obj` is a `NormalEnum`.
+    // NB: This (while ugly) should be more ergonomic than doing a repeated lookup for large `const object`s
+    // as the `enums` array should be significantly shorter than the corresponding enum type.
+    names = [];
+    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(obj as NormalEnum<E>)) {
+      if (names.length === enums.length) {
+        // No more names to get
+        break;
+      }
+      // Find all matches for the given enum, assigning their keys to the names array
+      findIndices(enums, v).forEach(matchIndex => {
+        names[matchIndex] = k;
+      });
+    }
+  }
+  return `[${names.join(", ")}] (=[${vals.join(", ")}])`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the indices of all occurrences of a value in an array.
+ * @param arr - The array to search
+ * @param searchElement - The value to locate in the array
+ * @param fromIndex - The array index at which to begin the search. If fromIndex is omitted, the
+ * search starts at index 0
+ */
+function findIndices<T>(arr: T[], searchElement: T, fromIndex = 0): number[] {
+  const indices: number[] = [];
+  const arrSliced = arr.slice(fromIndex);
+  for (const [index, value] of arrSliced.entries()) {
+    if (value === searchElement) {
+      indices.push(index);
+    }
+  }
+  return indices;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert a number into an English ordinal
+ * @param num - The number to convert into an ordinal
+ * @returns The ordinal representation of {@linkcode num}.
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * console.log(getOrdinal(1)); // Output: "1st"
+ * console.log(getOrdinal(12)); // Output: "12th"
+ * console.log(getOrdinal(24)); // Output: "24th"
+ * ```
+ */
+export function getOrdinal(num: number): string {
+  const tens = num % 10;
+  const hundreds = num % 100;
+  if (tens === 1 && hundreds !== 11) {
+    return num + "st";
+  }
+  if (tens === 2 && hundreds !== 12) {
+    return num + "nd";
+  }
+  if (tens === 3 && hundreds !== 13) {
+    return num + "rd";
+  }
+  return num + "th";
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the localized name of a {@linkcode Stat}.
+ * @param s - The {@linkcode Stat} to check
+ * @returns - The proper name for s, retrieved from the translations.
+ */
+export function getStatName(s: Stat): string {
+  return i18next.t(getStatKey(s));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert an object into a oneline diff to be shown in an error message.
+ * @param obj - The object to return the oneline diff of
+ * @returns The updated diff
+ */
+export function getOnelineDiffStr(this: MatcherState, obj: unknown): string {
+  return this.utils
+    .stringify(obj, undefined, { maxLength: 35, indent: 0, printBasicPrototype: false })
+    .replace(/\n/g, " ") // Replace newlines with spaces
+    .replace(/,(\s*)}$/g, "$1}");
+}
diff --git a/test/test-utils/test-utils.ts b/test/test-utils/test-utils.ts
index 40e4bbe8775..b9e73c3e9da 100644
--- a/test/test-utils/test-utils.ts
+++ b/test/test-utils/test-utils.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { Pokemon } from "#field/pokemon";
+import type { GameManager } from "#test/test-utils/game-manager";
 import i18next, { type ParseKeys } from "i18next";
 import { vi } from "vitest";
 
@@ -29,3 +31,54 @@ export function arrayOfRange(start: number, end: number) {
 export function getApiBaseUrl() {
   return import.meta.env.VITE_SERVER_URL ?? "http://localhost:8001";
 }
+
+type TypeOfResult = "undefined" | "object" | "boolean" | "number" | "bigint" | "string" | "symbol" | "function";
+
+/**
+ * Helper to determine the actual type of the received object as human readable string
+ * @param received - The received object
+ * @returns A human readable string of the received object (type)
+ */
+export function receivedStr(received: unknown, expectedType: TypeOfResult = "object"): string {
+  if (received === null) {
+    return "null";
+  }
+  if (received === undefined) {
+    return "undefined";
+  }
+  if (typeof received !== expectedType) {
+    return typeof received;
+  }
+  if (expectedType === "object") {
+    return received.constructor.name;
+  }
+
+  return "unknown";
+}
+
+/**
+ * Helper to check if the received object is an {@linkcode object}
+ * @param received - The object to check
+ * @returns Whether the object is an {@linkcode object}.
+ */
+function isObject(received: unknown): received is object {
+  return received !== null && typeof received === "object";
+}
+
+/**
+ * Helper function to check if a given object is a {@linkcode Pokemon}.
+ * @param received - The object to check
+ * @return Whether `received` is a {@linkcode Pokemon} instance.
+ */
+export function isPokemonInstance(received: unknown): received is Pokemon {
+  return isObject(received) && received instanceof Pokemon;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if an object is a {@linkcode GameManager} instance
+ * @param received - The object to check
+ * @returns Whether the object is a {@linkcode GameManager} instance.
+ */
+export function isGameManagerInstance(received: unknown): received is GameManager {
+  return isObject(received) && (received as GameManager).constructor.name === "GameManager";
+}
diff --git a/test/types/type-helpers.test-d.ts b/test/types/type-helpers.test-d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..29f957890fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/types/type-helpers.test-d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import type { AtLeastOne } from "#types/type-helpers";
+import { describe, it } from "node:test";
+import { expectTypeOf } from "vitest";
+
+type fakeObj = {
+  foo: number;
+  bar: string;
+  baz: number | string;
+};
+
+type optionalObj = {
+  foo: number;
+  bar: string;
+  baz?: number | string;
+};
+
+describe("AtLeastOne", () => {
+  it("should accept an object with at least 1 of its defined parameters", () => {
+    expectTypeOf<{ foo: number }>().toExtend<AtLeastOne<fakeObj>>();
+    expectTypeOf<{ bar: string }>().toExtend<AtLeastOne<fakeObj>>();
+    expectTypeOf<{ baz: number | string }>().toExtend<AtLeastOne<fakeObj>>();
+  });
+
+  it("should convert to a partial intersection with the union of all individual single properties", () => {
+    expectTypeOf<AtLeastOne<fakeObj>>().branded.toEqualTypeOf<
+      Partial<fakeObj> & ({ foo: number } | { bar: string } | { baz: number | string })
+    >();
+  });
+
+  it("should treat optional properties as required", () => {
+    expectTypeOf<AtLeastOne<fakeObj>>().branded.toEqualTypeOf<AtLeastOne<optionalObj>>();
+  });
+
+  it("should not accept empty objects, even if optional properties are present", () => {
+    expectTypeOf<Record<string, never>>().not.toExtend<AtLeastOne<fakeObj>>();
+    expectTypeOf<Record<string, never>>().not.toExtend<AtLeastOne<optionalObj>>();
+  });
+});